Everything about Chalco totally explained
Chalco was a complex
pre-Columbian Nahua altepetl or
confederacy in central
Mexico. It was divided into the four sub-altepetl of
Tlalmanalco/
Tlacochcalco,
Amaquemecan,
Tenanco Texocpalco Tepopolla and
Chimalhuacan, which were themselves further subdivided into
altepetl tlayacatl, each with its own
tlatoani (king). Its inhabitants were known as the
Chalca.
In the
14th century and early
15th century,
flower wars were fought between the Chalca and the
Aztecs. Serious war erupted in
1446. According to the Amaqueme historian
Chimalpahin, this was because the Chalca refused a Mexica demand to contribute building materials for the temple of
Huitzilopochtli. Chalco was finally conquered by the Aztecs under
Moctezuma I in or around
1465, and the
tlatoque (kings) of Chalco were exiled to
Huexotzinco. The rulerships were restored by
Tizoc in
1486, who installed new
tlatoque. Chalco paid more
tribute to
Tenochtitlan in the form of food than any other region in the
Valley of Mexico, probably because of its fertile soil and location.
The
Spanish conquistadors Pedro de Alvarado and
Bernardino Vázquez de Tapia reached Chalco in the
fall of
1519. The Chalca allied with the Spaniards and participated in the
defeat of the Aztecs.
Hernán Cortés claimed Chalco for himself as an
encomienda, but failed to maintain his possession of it. Chalco was designated a
corregimiento by
1533. Several places outside the traditional region of Chalco were added to it in colonial times.
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